Dietary sodium butyrate administration alleviates high soybean meal-induced growth retardation and enteritis of orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate whether dietary sodium butyrate (SB) administration alleviates growth reduction and enteritis of orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) caused by high soybean meal (SBM) feeding. The control diet (FM diet) formulated contain 48% protein 11% fat. Soybean used replace 60% FM in prepare a SBM (HSBM diet). Sodium at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% were added HSBM diets three diets. Triplicate groups 30 groupers (initial weight: 33.0 ± 0.3 g) fed one the twice daily, apparent satiety. had lowered rate feed efficiency vs P < 0.05). Growth improved SB dose-dependent manner A similar pattern observed for plasma LDL-C gut digestive activity lipase, trypsin, protease, but opposite trend intestinal contents D-lactic acid endotoxin, response inclusion levels > muscular thickness middle distal intestines SB-treated higher than that mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 , IL-1? IL-12 TNF-? decreasing trend, level anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-?1 with increasing above results indicate intervention could enhance utilization SBM-induced promoting enzyme activities, reducing mucosa permeability, maintaining integrity morphology attenuating inflammatory response.